Problems Faced by Balban
After ascending the throne of Delhi,
Ghiasuddin Balban had faced many problems. It was not a bed of roses for him.
Dr. Tripathi remarks, “The task of Balban was easy. The prestige of the
Sultanate had suffered considerably, while the Turkish nobility had become
accustomed to enjoy virtually independent power.”
Ghiasuddin Balban had face the
following problems and he solved them in competent manner with his skill and
tactics.
Firstly, Nasiruddin passed his life
like a mendicant. He did not have much interest in the affairs of the state.
Hence the Sultanate began to disintegrate. The reorganization of the Sultanate
was the fundamental task facing Balban.
Secondly, there were two main groups
in the court. One consisted of Turkish Amirs and the other of Indian Muslims.
Both these parties were at daggers drawn with each other and both of them had
harmed the prestige of Delhi Sultanate.
Thirdly, Iltutmish had organized a
group of forty slaves to help in his administration work, but Ghiasuddin Balban
wanted to destroy this group and consolidated the Turkish Empire with their
help. Earlier the group of forty slaves was an asset for the empire but later
on they captured the powers of the Sultan and became the makers of Sultans.
Balban himself had been an active member of this group and he knew it well
that they were now no more helpful to Sultanate but had become treacherous,
luxurious and rebellious. Hence he wanted to crush this group mercilessly for
his own safety.
Fourthly, Balban was the all in all
in his empire but there were some nobles who were against Balban and opposed
him vehemently. Balban had tried to crush them in the reign of Nasiruddin but
many of them still survived and intended to become the Sultan of Delhi.
Fifthly, the influence of orthodox
ulema enhanced in the early days of Delhi sultanate. They were appointed high
posts in the kingdom and consulted on political issues. They were becoming fed
up with their social and religious duties day by day. Hence it was the duty of
the sultan to set them right.
Sixth, Chaos and confusion was
prevailing in the country before the accession of Balban. The frontier of
Punjab and north-west was not at all secure. The Khokhars and Mewatis were also
creating disturbances. The Rajputs and Hindus were also trying to get rid of
the sway of Muslims. So the problem of establishing peace in the kingdom was
quite acute. Even the capital was unsafe from their terror, so the western gate
of the city of Delhi was closed in the evening, for fear of being plundered.
Seventh, owing to weaknesses and
incompetence of the successors of Iltutmish the prestige of the crown had
fallen quite low and the economic position of the Sultanate had worsened.
Agriculture, commerce and trade also sank quite low, hence it was essential to
improve things in order to fill the empty coffere of the Sultanate.
Eight, Barani writes, “Fear of the
government power which is the basis of all good government and the sources of
glory and splendor of the state had departed from the hearts of all men and the
country had fallen into a wretched condition.”
Balban faced all these difficulties with
courage, ability and wisdom. He paid personal attention to these problems and
solved them by dint of his courage and tactics. Professor Habibullah remarks,
“Iltutmish had only outlined the institution, it was left to Balban to
regenerate and raise it to its full stature.”
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