(A.D. 1540 to 1555)
Humayun had to pass about fifteen
years in exile. After his defeat in the battle of Kannauj (A.D. 1540) his arch
enemy Sher Khan did not allow him to sit in peace in Agra and chased him.
Kamran put hindrance in his way of going to Kashmir or Badakhshan, hence
Humayun had to run away as a fugitive towards Sindh in order to save his life.
Kamran tried to conclude a treaty with Sher Khan as he wanted to maintain his
position as an independent ruler of Punjab and Kabul but he did not get success
in his mission and had to flee away to Kabul on the approach of Afghan forces
in A.D. 1540. Askari and Hindal also joined him in due course of time.
Humayun wandered about from place to
place – Rohri, Bhakkar, Patar – and sought refuge in vain from Shah Husain
Arghon, ruler of Thatta with a view "to attempting the recovery of Gujarat.”
Seeing the scarcity of grain at Bhakkar, the Emperor marched off to Patar,
where Mirza Hinda was staying, for he
had heard that Mirza Hindal intended to go to Kandhar. It was here, in the camp
of Hindal at Patar, that Humayun fell in love with Maryan-i-Makani Hamida Banu
Begum in the summer of A.D. 1541 and married her. She was the daughter of a
Persian Shia Maulvi Mir Baba Dost alias Ali Akbar Jami, who was the spiritual
preceptor of Hindal. She gave birth to Akbar after some time. Nizamuddin says,
“He spent several days of happiness and pleasure in the camp of Hindal.”
Humayun forbade Hindal to go to Kandahar but he did not obey. When Humayun was
informed of his attitude, he was much troubled to see the disunity among his
brothers.
Humayun also thought of the conquest
of Thatta but his soldiers parted from him and stayed at Bhakkar. Then he made
a vain attempt to capture the fort of Shiwan and retried to Bhakkar. Mirza
Yadgar Nasir proved treacherous and helped the enemy to harass Humayun, but he
once more forgave him and did not speak a word to him. But he once more
exhibited his animosity to the emperor and never again sought a reconciliation.
The men of Humayun, being in great distress, began to desert by ones and twos
to Mirza Yadgar Nasir who was now planning to raise his arms against Humayun.
Finding no way out Humayun decided to
march to Maldeo, the ruler of Marwar. He had sent letters to Bhakkar, declaring
his loyalty and offering assistance in effecting the subjugation of Hindustan. On
reaching Maldeo, he found that the Rajput ruler was not in a mood to help him
due to some reasons known to him. He at once decided to leave his place lest he
should be arrested and handed over to his enemy Sher Khan. He reached Amarkot
after a great toil where Virsala was the ruler. He treated Humayun very kindly.
He rested there for some time along with his contingent and distributed among
his soldiers all the money that he had. Fortune favored Humayun a bit here and
his wife Hamida Banu Begam gave birth to Akbar on 15th October 1542
in the palace of Rana Virsala of Amarkot in Sindh.
Seeing that it was not advisable to
remain longer in this country, Humayun determined upon going to Kandhar. Shah
Husain, the ruler of south Sindh, promised all help but he also informed Mirza
Askari and Mirza Kamran about his movements and these ungrateful wretches tried
to capture him on his way to Persia but Humayun, anyhow, managed to reach
Persia safely but he had to leave behind him his infant son Akbarat the mercy of
his selfish brothers. He was accompanied by Bairam Khan, Hamida Banu Begam,
Mulla Pir Muhamad and a few trusted friends and followers. Bairam Khan was a
Persian and had fought in the battle of Chausa and Kannauj as an ordinary
soldier but he was very faithful to Humayun who appointed him, later on, the
regent of Akbar. The Shah of Persia, Tahmasp, welcomed Humayun in his
territory. He also agreed to help him provided he accepted the Shia faith. He
also agreed to provide him financial and military help, if he handed over Kandhar
to him after his victory over it. Humayun had no other alternative but to
accept the conditions of Shah Tahmasp. He marched against Khandhar in A.D. 1545
with the help of Persian forces and captured greater part of Afghanistan.
Hindal and Yadgar Mirza again joined
his camp but Kamran and Askari went on creating problems for him. Humayun
defeated and pardoned them again and again but as they did not mend their ways
they were ultimately punished. Askari was imprisoned and exiled to Mecca from
where he never came back. Kamran who tried to seek victory by exposing Prince
Akbar upon the battlement was blinded and ordered to go to Mecca where he
breathed his last in A.D. 1557. Thus after a prolonged struggle Humayun could
get rid of his brothers and their treacherous designs. He stayed in Afghanistan
for some time but ultimately seeing an appropriate time he returned to India
and restored his lost empire.
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