Successors
of Mahmood Ghaznavi
 |
| Mahmood Ghaznavi |
The empire
of Mahmood was so vast that it was very difficult to control it efficiently. He
knew this fact very well. He, therefore, divided his vast empire into two parts
even in his lifetime and gave one to his son Masud and the other to Muhammad. However,
after his death a conflict took place between the two brothers in which Masud
achieved success. He blinded and imprisoned Muhammad. Masud was a worthy son of
a worthy father. Dr. Ishwari Prasad has written about him, “He was a true son
of his father, full of ambition, courage and war-like zeal.” He got the
blessing of the contemporary Khalifa and ruled for about ten years.
Although Masud
was quite powerful and courageous, he was defeated by the Seljuk Turks in the
battle of Mary and fleeing the battlefield he took shelter in Lahore. During the
last days of Mahmood and throughout the reign of Masud, Punjab remained under
the control of governors but owing to the conspiracies, selfishness and
inefficiency of Muslim officials, the administration of Punjab went to dogs but
a Hindu named Tilak served Masud very sincerely. The condition of Punjab was
topsy-turvy when Masud reached Lahore. His army was defeated and destroyed by
the Seljik Turks. At this critical juncture his soldiers revolted against him
and after his dethronement handed him over to his blind brother Muhammad. Muhammad
killed Masud and sat on the throne. After some time Maudud, a son of Masud,
defeated his uncle Muhammad and ascended the throne in A.D. 1041. He ruled for
about eight years but he was a very weak ruler.
After the
death of Maudud, a war of succession was fought and several unworthy rulers
ascended the throne one after the other. Besides the problems of Punjab, they
were always terrified of the rising power of the Seljuk Turks. The rise of Ghor
proved fatal for the Ghazni Empire. There was a family feud between these two
families. In A.D. 1155 Alauddin Hussain
of Ghor ruthlessly plundered Ghazni. He burnt down almost the entire
city and assumed the title of Jahas Soz (World Burner). He also massacred the
people of Ghazni and enslaved the women and children in large numbers. He destroyed
all those beautiful buildings which were built by Mahmood Ghaznavi with the
help of Indian artisans. The last ruler of Ghaznavids, Khusrav Shah, was
compelled to take refuge in Punjab.
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